SDET By VS_Automation

Here are 50 important topics for a QA (Manual Testing) interview, especially useful for 2–3 years of experience: --- 1. SDLC 2. STLC 3. Test Case 4. Test Scenario 5. Test Plan 6. Test Strategy 7. Types of Testing 8. Functional Testing 9. Non-Functional Testing 10. Smoke Testing 11. Sanity Testing 12. Regression Testing 13. Retesting 14. Exploratory Testing 15. Ad-hoc Testing 16. Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) 17. Equivalence Partitioning (EP) 18. Decision Table Testing 19. State Transition Testing 20. Compatibility Testing 21. Usability Testing 22. Performance Testing 23. Load Testing 24. Stress Testing 25. Alpha Testing 26. Beta Testing 27. UAT (User Acceptance Testing) 28. Defect Life Cycle 29. Severity vs Priority 30. Bug Reporting Tools (JIRA, Bugzilla) 31. Requirement Traceability Matrix (RTM) 32. Entry and Exit Criteria 33. Positive and Negative Testing 34. Manual Testing vs Automation Testing 35. Agile and Scrum Process 36. Daily Stand-up, Sprint Planning, Retrospective 37. Test ...

Manual Testing Notes --- 1. Basic Testing Concepts Software Testing is the process of verifying that a system works as expected and is free of bugs. SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) defines the steps for software development, while STLC (Software Testing Life Cycle) defines the stages for testing. Error: Human mistake, Defect: Issue in the software, Failure: When defect causes system to fail. Verification ensures product is being built right; Validation ensures the right product is being built. --- 2. Types & Levels of Testing Functional Testing checks what the system does; Non-functional Testing checks how it performs (like performance, security). Smoke Testing is basic build verification; Sanity Testing checks minor fixes. Regression Testing ensures new code doesn’t break existing features; Retesting checks a specific fix. Levels: Unit → Integration → System → UAT (User Acceptance Testing). --- 3. Test Documentation Test Plan: A detailed document outlining scope, approach, ...

🧪 1. Java Basics for Selenium Variables, Data Types Loops ( for , while , do-while ) Conditional Statements ( if , switch ) Arrays and Strings Functions/Methods Exception Handling ( try-catch , throw , throws ) OOP Concepts (Class, Object, Inheritance, Polymorphism, Abstraction, Encapsulation) Collections ( List , Set , Map ) 🌐 2. Selenium WebDriver What is Selenium? Architecture of Selenium WebDriver Selenium Components (IDE, RC, WebDriver, Grid) Installing WebDriver (ChromeDriver, GeckoDriver, etc.) Launching browsers using WebDriver Browser Commands: get() , getTitle() , getCurrentUrl() , close() , quit() Navigation Commands: navigate().to() , navigate().back() , refresh() WebElement Commands: click() , sendKeys() , clear() , getText() , getAttribute() Finding Elements: findElement , findElements Locators : ID, Name, ClassName, TagName, LinkText, PartialLinkText, XPath, CSS Selector 🧭 3. XPath and CSS Selector Absolute vs Relative XPath text() , ...

Here's a clear and simple difference between throw , throws , and Throwable in Java, with explanations and examples: 🔁 Comparison Table Keyword Description Use Case Example Code throw Used to manually throw an exception object Inside method body throw new ArithmeticException(); throws Declares that a method may throw exceptions (checked/unchecked) In method signature public void read() throws IOException Throwable Superclass of all exceptions and errors For catching or creating custom exceptions Throwable t = new Exception(); 🔹 1. throw – used to actually throw an exception public class Example { public static void main(String[] args) { throw new ArithmeticException("Divide by zero"); } } 💡 Used inside methods Only one exception object can be thrown at a time 🔹 2. throws – used to declare potential exceptions public void readFile() throws IOException { FileReader fr = new FileReader("abc.txt...

✅ Java Type Conversion Cheat Sheet From → To Conversion Code Example String → int int num = Integer.parseInt("123"); int → String String str = String.valueOf(123); String str = Integer.toString(123); char → String String str = String.valueOf('A'); String str = Character.toString('A'); String → char char ch = "Java".charAt(0); char → int int code = (int) 'A'; // ASCII value int → char char ch = (char) 65; // ASCII to char double → String String str = String.valueOf(3.14); String str = Double.toString(3.14); String → double double d = Double.parseDouble("3.14"); boolean → String String str = String.valueOf(true); String → boolean boolean b = Boolean.parseBoolean("true");

 Exception Handling in Java - Notes 🔸 What is an Exception? An exception is an unwanted or unexpected event that disrupts the normal flow of a program. 🔸 Types of Exceptions 1. Checked Exceptions – Handled during compile-time. Examples: IOException, SQLException 2. Unchecked Exceptions – Occur at runtime. Examples: NullPointerException, ArithmeticException 3. Errors – Serious problems like memory errors. Not meant to be handled. Examples: OutOfMemoryError, StackOverflowError --- ✅ Exception Hierarchy Object   ↳ Throwable       ↳ Exception           ↳ IOException           ↳ SQLException           ↳ RuntimeException               ↳ NullPointerException               ↳ ArithmeticException       ↳ Error --- ✅ Keywords in Exception Handling Keyword Use try Block of code to monitor for exceptions catch Handl...